This lecture/laboratory course will introduce and emphasize the physiologic effects of therapeutic modalities used on human tissue in clinical practice. Lectures will provide an in-depth study of the science of therapeutic modalities. Students will differentiate between the thermal, acoustic, mechanical, and electrical modalities commonly utilized in the clinic. The clinical application of these principles will be reinforced through laboratory practical experiences as well as clinical case studies. Clinical problems are presented in the lecture and laboratory for clinical decision-making on the appropriate, safe, correct, and cost effective application of these devices, skills, or techniques as a component of a comprehensive plan of care to designed to intervene at the level of health conditions, body functions and structures, activities, and participation while recognizing the personal and environmental factors that may impact recovery.